ULTIMATE deblending I. A 50-band UV-to-MIR photometric catalog combining space- and ground-based data in the JWST/PRIMER survey
Hanwen Sun, Tao Wang, Ke Xu, David Elbaz, Emiliano Merlin, Cheng Cheng, Emanuele Daddi, Shuowen Jin, Wei-hao Wang, Longyue Chen, Adriano Fontana, Zhen-Kai Gao, Jiasheng Huang, Benjamin Magnelli, Valentina Sangalli, Yijun Wang, Tiancheng Yang, Yuheng Zhang, Luwenjia Zhou
arXiv:2603.05289v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Our understanding of the early Universe has long been limited by biased galaxy samples selected through various color criteria. With deep JWST infrared imaging, mass-complete galaxy samples can now be studied up to $z sim 8$ for the first time. However, recent work has revealed systematic uncertainties in measuring physical properties of galaxies based solely on JWST/NIRCam and HST photometry, due to their limited wavelength coverage. This highlights the need for supplementary data, particularly in the rest-frame UV and near-infrared. Here we present the ULTIMATE-deblending project, which will eventually deliver self-consistent UV-to-Radio photometry for galaxies detected in deep JWST surveys, including both NIRCam and MIRI data. In this first paper, we release a 50-band photometric catalog spanning CFHT/U to JWST/MIRI F1800W, covering a total of 627.1 arcmin$^2$ across two JWST/PRIMER fields. We detail the reduction of JWST imaging data, the photometric procedures, and the SED-fitting methodology used to derive galaxy properties. Compared with photometry including only HST and JWST bands, the inclusion of deblended low-resolution photometry from ground-based telescopes improves the accuracy of photometric redshifts by $sim$40%, while reducing the outlier fraction by $sim$60%. This galaxy sample can serve as a key reference for statistical studies of galaxy formation and evolution in the early universe. The UV-to-MIR catalogs and JWST mosaics from the ULTIMATE-deblending project have been made publicly available.arXiv:2603.05289v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: Our understanding of the early Universe has long been limited by biased galaxy samples selected through various color criteria. With deep JWST infrared imaging, mass-complete galaxy samples can now be studied up to $z sim 8$ for the first time. However, recent work has revealed systematic uncertainties in measuring physical properties of galaxies based solely on JWST/NIRCam and HST photometry, due to their limited wavelength coverage. This highlights the need for supplementary data, particularly in the rest-frame UV and near-infrared. Here we present the ULTIMATE-deblending project, which will eventually deliver self-consistent UV-to-Radio photometry for galaxies detected in deep JWST surveys, including both NIRCam and MIRI data. In this first paper, we release a 50-band photometric catalog spanning CFHT/U to JWST/MIRI F1800W, covering a total of 627.1 arcmin$^2$ across two JWST/PRIMER fields. We detail the reduction of JWST imaging data, the photometric procedures, and the SED-fitting methodology used to derive galaxy properties. Compared with photometry including only HST and JWST bands, the inclusion of deblended low-resolution photometry from ground-based telescopes improves the accuracy of photometric redshifts by $sim$40%, while reducing the outlier fraction by $sim$60%. This galaxy sample can serve as a key reference for statistical studies of galaxy formation and evolution in the early universe. The UV-to-MIR catalogs and JWST mosaics from the ULTIMATE-deblending project have been made publicly available.

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