The BAO scale — how standard is the standard ruler?

The BAO scale — how standard is the standard ruler?
Francisco Asensio-Rivera, Nils Sch"oneberg, H’ector Gil-Mar’in, Licia Verde
arXiv:2603.03443v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Analyses of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) commonly employ template-based methods to extract compressed parameters from the clustering of dark-matter tracers, which are then interpreted in terms of ratios of the sound-horizon scale and cosmological distances relative to a fiducial cosmology. A small mismatch between the sound-horizon scale derived from the standard analytic formulation (integral over the sound speed) and the effective scale imprinted in clustered matter can, however, introduce a systematic bias in cosmological inference. We extend previous work to a broader class of cosmological models, quantify this bias for surveys with DESI-like precision, and propose strategies to correct for the effect. We find that the induced bias becomes a significant fraction of the statistical uncertainty for deviations from the fiducial cosmology, at the level of $|Delta Omega_m| = 0.03$ and $|Delta N_mathrm{eff}| = 0.3$, and for very precise data corresponding to a forecasted Year-5 DESI survey (or other stage IV dark energy galaxy surveys). We present several ways to correct for this effect, suitable for a variety of applications. We therefore recommend that analyses exploring such parameter regimes either apply the proposed corrections or include an appropriate systematic error budget.arXiv:2603.03443v1 Announce Type: new
Abstract: Analyses of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) commonly employ template-based methods to extract compressed parameters from the clustering of dark-matter tracers, which are then interpreted in terms of ratios of the sound-horizon scale and cosmological distances relative to a fiducial cosmology. A small mismatch between the sound-horizon scale derived from the standard analytic formulation (integral over the sound speed) and the effective scale imprinted in clustered matter can, however, introduce a systematic bias in cosmological inference. We extend previous work to a broader class of cosmological models, quantify this bias for surveys with DESI-like precision, and propose strategies to correct for the effect. We find that the induced bias becomes a significant fraction of the statistical uncertainty for deviations from the fiducial cosmology, at the level of $|Delta Omega_m| = 0.03$ and $|Delta N_mathrm{eff}| = 0.3$, and for very precise data corresponding to a forecasted Year-5 DESI survey (or other stage IV dark energy galaxy surveys). We present several ways to correct for this effect, suitable for a variety of applications. We therefore recommend that analyses exploring such parameter regimes either apply the proposed corrections or include an appropriate systematic error budget.