Say hello to Algol’s new companion candidates. (arXiv:2005.13360v3 [astro-ph.SR] UPDATED)
<a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Jetsu_L/0/1/0/all/0/1">L. Jetsu</a>
Constant orbital period ephemerides of eclipsing binaries give the computed
eclipse epochs (C). These ephemerides based on the old data can not accurately
predict the observed future eclipse epochs (O). Predictability can be improved
by removing linear or quadratic trends from the O-C data. Additional companions
in an eclipsing binary system cause light-time travel effects that are observed
as strictly periodic O-C changes. Recently, Hajdu et al. (2019) estimated that
the probability for detecting the periods of two new companions from the O-C
data is only 0.00005. We apply the new Discrete Chi-square Method (DCM) to 236
years of O-C data of the eclipsing binary Algol ($beta$ Persei). We detect the
tentative signals of at least five companion candidates having periods between
1.863 and 219.0 years. The weakest one of these five signals does not reveal a
“new” companion candidate, because its $680.4 pm 0.4$ days signal period
differs only $1.4 sigma$ from the well-known $679.85 pm 0.04$ days orbital
period of Algol~C. We detect these same signals also from the first 226.2 years
of data, and they give an excellent prediction for the last 9.2 years of our
data. The orbital planes of Algol~C and the new companion candidates are
probably co-planar, because no changes have been observed in Algol’s eclipses.
The 2.867 days orbital period has been constant since it was determined by Sir
Goodricke (1783).
Constant orbital period ephemerides of eclipsing binaries give the computed
eclipse epochs (C). These ephemerides based on the old data can not accurately
predict the observed future eclipse epochs (O). Predictability can be improved
by removing linear or quadratic trends from the O-C data. Additional companions
in an eclipsing binary system cause light-time travel effects that are observed
as strictly periodic O-C changes. Recently, Hajdu et al. (2019) estimated that
the probability for detecting the periods of two new companions from the O-C
data is only 0.00005. We apply the new Discrete Chi-square Method (DCM) to 236
years of O-C data of the eclipsing binary Algol ($beta$ Persei). We detect the
tentative signals of at least five companion candidates having periods between
1.863 and 219.0 years. The weakest one of these five signals does not reveal a
“new” companion candidate, because its $680.4 pm 0.4$ days signal period
differs only $1.4 sigma$ from the well-known $679.85 pm 0.04$ days orbital
period of Algol~C. We detect these same signals also from the first 226.2 years
of data, and they give an excellent prediction for the last 9.2 years of our
data. The orbital planes of Algol~C and the new companion candidates are
probably co-planar, because no changes have been observed in Algol’s eclipses.
The 2.867 days orbital period has been constant since it was determined by Sir
Goodricke (1783).
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