Progenitors of low-mass binary black-hole mergers in the isolated binary evolution scenario. (arXiv:2103.03161v1 [astro-ph.HE])
<a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Garcia_F/0/1/0/all/0/1">Federico García</a> (1 and 2), <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Bunzel_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">Adolfo Simaz Bunzel</a> (3), <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Chaty_S/0/1/0/all/0/1">Sylvain Chaty</a> (1 and 4), <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Porter_E/0/1/0/all/0/1">Edward Porter</a> (4), <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Chassande_Mottin_E/0/1/0/all/0/1">Eric Chassande-Mottin</a> (4) ((1) AIM/CEA-Saclay, France, (2) Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, the Netherlands, (3) IAR-CONICET, Argentina, (4) APC, France)
We aim to study the progenitor properties and expected rates of the two
lowest-mass binary black hole (BH) mergers, GW 151226 and GW 170608, detected
within the first two Advanced LIGO-Virgo runs, in the context of the isolated
binary-evolution scenario. We use the public MESA code, which we adapted to
include BH formation and unstable mass transfer developed during a
common-envelope (CE) phase. Using more than 60000 binary simulations, we
explore a wide parameter space for initial stellar masses, separations,
metallicities, and mass-transfer efficiencies. We obtain the expected
distributions for the chirp mass, mass ratio, and merger time delay by
accounting for the initial stellar binary distributions. Our simulations show
that, while the progenitors we obtain are compatible over the entire range of
explored metallicities, they show a strong dependence on the initial masses of
the stars, according to stellar winds. All the progenitors follow a similar
evolutionary path, starting from binaries with initial separations in the
$30-200~R_odot$ range, experiencing a stable mass transfer interaction before
the formation of the first BH, and a second unstable mass-transfer episode
leading to a CE ejection that occurs either when the secondary star crosses the
Hertzsprung gap or when it is burning He in its core. The CE phase plays a
fundamental role in the considered low-mass range: only progenitors
experiencing such an unstable mass-transfer phase are able to merge in less
than a Hubble time. We find integrated merger-rate densities in the range
$0.2-5.0~{rm yr}^{-1}~{rm Gpc}^{-3}$ in the local Universe for the highest
mass-transfer efficiencies explored. The highest rate densities lead to
detection rates of $1.2-3.3~{rm yr}^{-1}$, being compatible with the observed
rates. A high CE-efficiency scenario with $alpha_{rm CE}=2.0$ is favored when
comparing with observations. ABRIDGED.
We aim to study the progenitor properties and expected rates of the two
lowest-mass binary black hole (BH) mergers, GW 151226 and GW 170608, detected
within the first two Advanced LIGO-Virgo runs, in the context of the isolated
binary-evolution scenario. We use the public MESA code, which we adapted to
include BH formation and unstable mass transfer developed during a
common-envelope (CE) phase. Using more than 60000 binary simulations, we
explore a wide parameter space for initial stellar masses, separations,
metallicities, and mass-transfer efficiencies. We obtain the expected
distributions for the chirp mass, mass ratio, and merger time delay by
accounting for the initial stellar binary distributions. Our simulations show
that, while the progenitors we obtain are compatible over the entire range of
explored metallicities, they show a strong dependence on the initial masses of
the stars, according to stellar winds. All the progenitors follow a similar
evolutionary path, starting from binaries with initial separations in the
$30-200~R_odot$ range, experiencing a stable mass transfer interaction before
the formation of the first BH, and a second unstable mass-transfer episode
leading to a CE ejection that occurs either when the secondary star crosses the
Hertzsprung gap or when it is burning He in its core. The CE phase plays a
fundamental role in the considered low-mass range: only progenitors
experiencing such an unstable mass-transfer phase are able to merge in less
than a Hubble time. We find integrated merger-rate densities in the range
$0.2-5.0~{rm yr}^{-1}~{rm Gpc}^{-3}$ in the local Universe for the highest
mass-transfer efficiencies explored. The highest rate densities lead to
detection rates of $1.2-3.3~{rm yr}^{-1}$, being compatible with the observed
rates. A high CE-efficiency scenario with $alpha_{rm CE}=2.0$ is favored when
comparing with observations. ABRIDGED.
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