Kepler-411: a four-planet system with an active host star. (arXiv:1902.09719v1 [astro-ph.EP])
<a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Sun_L/0/1/0/all/0/1">Leilei Sun</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Ioannidis_P/0/1/0/all/0/1">P. Ioannidis</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Gu_S/0/1/0/all/0/1">Shenghong Gu</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Schmitt_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">J. H. M. M. Schmitt</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Wang_X/0/1/0/all/0/1">Xiaobin Wang</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Kouwenhoven_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">M.B.N. Kouwenhoven</a>
We present a detailed characterization of the Kepler-411 system (KOI 1781).
This system was previously known to host two transiting planets: one with a
period of 3 days ($R=2.4R_oplus$; Kepler-411b) and one with a period of 7.8
days ($R=4.4R_oplus$; Kepler-411c), as well as a transiting planetary
candidate with a 58-day period ($R=3.3R_oplus$; KOI 1781.03) from Kepler
photometry. Here, we combine Kepler photometry data and new transit timing
variation (TTV) measurements from all the Kepler quarters with previous
adaptive-optics imaging results, and dynamical simulations, in order to
constrain the properties of the Kepler-411 system. From our analysis, we obtain
masses of 25.6$pm$2.6$M_oplus$ for Kepler-411b and 26.4$pm$5.9 $M_oplus$
for Kepler-411c, and we confirm the planetary nature of KOI 1781.03 with a mass
of 15.2$pm$5.1$M_oplus$, hence the name Kepler-411d. Furthermore, by assuming
near-coplanarity of the system (mutual inclination below $30^circ$), we
discover a nontransiting planet, Kepler-411e, with a mass of
10.8$pm$1.1$M_oplus$ on a 31.5-day orbit, which has a strong dynamical
interaction with Kepler-411d. With densities of $1.71pm0.39$~g,cm$^{-3}$ and
$2.32pm0.83$~g,cm$^{-3}$, both Kepler-411c and Kepler-411d belong to the
group of planets with a massive core and a significant fraction of volatiles.
Although Kepler-411b has a sub-Neptune size, it belongs to the group of rocky
planets.
We present a detailed characterization of the Kepler-411 system (KOI 1781).
This system was previously known to host two transiting planets: one with a
period of 3 days ($R=2.4R_oplus$; Kepler-411b) and one with a period of 7.8
days ($R=4.4R_oplus$; Kepler-411c), as well as a transiting planetary
candidate with a 58-day period ($R=3.3R_oplus$; KOI 1781.03) from Kepler
photometry. Here, we combine Kepler photometry data and new transit timing
variation (TTV) measurements from all the Kepler quarters with previous
adaptive-optics imaging results, and dynamical simulations, in order to
constrain the properties of the Kepler-411 system. From our analysis, we obtain
masses of 25.6$pm$2.6$M_oplus$ for Kepler-411b and 26.4$pm$5.9 $M_oplus$
for Kepler-411c, and we confirm the planetary nature of KOI 1781.03 with a mass
of 15.2$pm$5.1$M_oplus$, hence the name Kepler-411d. Furthermore, by assuming
near-coplanarity of the system (mutual inclination below $30^circ$), we
discover a nontransiting planet, Kepler-411e, with a mass of
10.8$pm$1.1$M_oplus$ on a 31.5-day orbit, which has a strong dynamical
interaction with Kepler-411d. With densities of $1.71pm0.39$~g,cm$^{-3}$ and
$2.32pm0.83$~g,cm$^{-3}$, both Kepler-411c and Kepler-411d belong to the
group of planets with a massive core and a significant fraction of volatiles.
Although Kepler-411b has a sub-Neptune size, it belongs to the group of rocky
planets.
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