High-Energy Photon and Particle Effects onExoplanet Atmospheres and Habitability. (arXiv:1903.12338v1 [astro-ph.HE])

High-Energy Photon and Particle Effects onExoplanet Atmospheres and Habitability. (arXiv:1903.12338v1 [astro-ph.HE])
<a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Drake_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">Jeremy J. Drake</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Alvarado_Gomez_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">Julián D. Alvarado-Gómez</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Airapetian_V/0/1/0/all/0/1">Vladimir Airapetian</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Cauley_P/0/1/0/all/0/1">P. Wilson Cauley</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Argiroffi_C/0/1/0/all/0/1">Costanza Argiroffi</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Browning_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">Matthew K. Browning</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Christian_D/0/1/0/all/0/1">Damian J. Christian</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Cohen_O/0/1/0/all/0/1">Ofer Cohen</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Corrales_L/0/1/0/all/0/1">Lia Corrales</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Danchi_W/0/1/0/all/0/1">William Danchi</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Val_Borro_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">Miguel de Val-Borro</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Dong_C/0/1/0/all/0/1">Chuanfei Dong</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Forman_W/0/1/0/all/0/1">William Forman</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+France_K/0/1/0/all/0/1">Kevin France</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Gallo_E/0/1/0/all/0/1">Elena Gallo</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Garcia_Sage_K/0/1/0/all/0/1">Katherine Garcia-Sage</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Garraffo_C/0/1/0/all/0/1">Cecilia Garraffo</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Gelino_D/0/1/0/all/0/1">Dawn M. Gelino</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Gronoff_G/0/1/0/all/0/1">Guillaume Gronoff</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Gunther_H/0/1/0/all/0/1">H. Moritz Günther</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Harper_G/0/1/0/all/0/1">Graham M. Harper</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Haywood_R/0/1/0/all/0/1">Raphaëlle D. Haywood</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Karovska_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">Margarita Karovska</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Kashyap_V/0/1/0/all/0/1">Vinay Kashyap</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Kastner_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">Joel Kastner</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Kim_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">Jinyoung Serena Kim</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Leutenegger_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">Maurice A. Leutenegger</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Linsky_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">Jeffrey Linsky</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Lopez_Morales_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">Mercedes López-Morales</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Micela_G/0/1/0/all/0/1">Giusi Micela</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Moschou_S/0/1/0/all/0/1">Sofia-Paraskevi Moschou</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Oskinova_L/0/1/0/all/0/1">Lidia Oskinova</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Osten_R/0/1/0/all/0/1">Rachel A. Osten</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Owen_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">James E. Owen</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Poppenhaeger_K/0/1/0/all/0/1">Katja Poppenhaeger</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Principe_D/0/1/0/all/0/1">David A. Principe</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Pye_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">John P.Pye</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Sciortino_S/0/1/0/all/0/1">Salvatore Sciortino</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Tzanavaris_P/0/1/0/all/0/1">Panayiotis Tzanavaris</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Wargelin_B/0/1/0/all/0/1">Brad Wargelin</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Wheatley_P/0/1/0/all/0/1">Peter J. Wheatley</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Williams_P/0/1/0/all/0/1">Peter K. G. Williams</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Winston_E/0/1/0/all/0/1">Elaine Winston</a>, et al. (1 additional author not shown)

It is now recognized that energetic stellar photon and particle radiation
evaporates and erodes planetary atmospheres and controls upper atmospheric
chemistry. Key exoplanet host stars will be too faint at X-ray wavelengths for
accurate characterization using existing generation and future slated X-ray
telescopes. Observation of stellar coronal mass ejections and winds are also
beyond current instrumentation. In line with theCommittee on an Exoplanet
Science Strategy recognition that holistic observational approaches are needed,
we point out here that a full understanding of exoplanet atmospheres, their
evolution and determination of habitability requires a powerful high-resolution
X-ray imaging and spectroscopic observatory. This is the only capability that
can: (1) characterize by proxy the crucial, difficult to observe, EUV stellar
flux, its history and its variations for planet hosting stars; (2) observe the
stellar wind; (3) detect the subtle Doppler signatures of coronal mass
ejections.

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