Gravitational-wave Signature of a First-order Quantum Chromodynamics Phase Transition in Core-Collapse Supernovae. (arXiv:2007.04716v1 [astro-ph.HE])
<a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Zha_S/0/1/0/all/0/1">Shuai Zha</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+OConnor_E/0/1/0/all/0/1">Evan P. O'Connor</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Chu_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">Ming-chung Chu</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Lin_L/0/1/0/all/0/1">Lap-Ming Lin</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Couch_S/0/1/0/all/0/1">Sean M. Couch</a>
A first-order quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transition (PT) may take
place in the protocompact star (PCS) produced by a core-collapse supernova
(CCSN). In this work, we study the consequences of such a PT in a non-rotating
CCSN with axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations. We find that the PT leads to
the collapse of the PCS and results in a loud burst of gravitational waves
(GWs). The amplitude of this GW burst is $sim30$ times larger than the
post-bounce GW signal normally found for non-rotating CCSN. It shows a broad
peak at high frequencies ($sim2500-4000$ Hz) in the spectrum, has a duration
of $lesssim5 {rm ms}$, and carries $sim3$ orders of magnitude more energy
than the other episodes. Also, the peak frequency of the PCS oscillation
increases dramatically after the PT-induced collapse. In addition to a second
neutrino burst, the GW signal, if detected by the ground-based GW detectors, is
decisive evidence of the first-order QCD PT inside CCSNe and provides key
information about the structure and dynamics of the PCS.
A first-order quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transition (PT) may take
place in the protocompact star (PCS) produced by a core-collapse supernova
(CCSN). In this work, we study the consequences of such a PT in a non-rotating
CCSN with axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations. We find that the PT leads to
the collapse of the PCS and results in a loud burst of gravitational waves
(GWs). The amplitude of this GW burst is $sim30$ times larger than the
post-bounce GW signal normally found for non-rotating CCSN. It shows a broad
peak at high frequencies ($sim2500-4000$ Hz) in the spectrum, has a duration
of $lesssim5 {rm ms}$, and carries $sim3$ orders of magnitude more energy
than the other episodes. Also, the peak frequency of the PCS oscillation
increases dramatically after the PT-induced collapse. In addition to a second
neutrino burst, the GW signal, if detected by the ground-based GW detectors, is
decisive evidence of the first-order QCD PT inside CCSNe and provides key
information about the structure and dynamics of the PCS.
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