Euclid preparation. XCII. Controlling angular systematics in the Euclid spectroscopic galaxy sample

Euclid preparation. XCII. Controlling angular systematics in the Euclid spectroscopic galaxy sample
Euclid Collaboration, P. Monaco (Dipartimento di Fisica – Sezione di Astronomia, Universit`a di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy), M. Y. Elkhashab (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica – Sezione di Astronomia, Universit`a di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy), B. R. Granett (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy), J. Salvalaggio (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica – Sezione di Astronomia, Universit`a di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy), E. Sefusatti (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy), C. Scarlata (Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), B. Zabelle (Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics, University of Minnesota, 116 Church St SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA), M. Bethermin (Universit’e de Strasbourg, CNRS, Observatoire astronomique de Strasbourg, UMR 7550, 67000 Strasbourg, France), S. Bruton (California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), C. Carbone (INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy), S. de la Torre (Aix-Marseille Universit’e, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France), S. Dusini (INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), A. Eggemeier (Universit"at Bonn, Argelander-Institut f"ur Astronomie, Auf dem H"ugel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany), L. Guzzo (Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Universit`a degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy), G. Lavaux (Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Universit’e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France), S. Lee (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA), K. Markovic (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA), K. S. McCarthy (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe), M. Moresco (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit`a di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), F. Passalacqua (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Universit`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), W. J. Percival (Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 2Y5, Canada), I. Risso (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy), A. G. S’anchez (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany), D. Scott (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada), C. Sirignano (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Universit`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), Y. Wang (Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), B. Altieri (ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca~nada, Madrid, Spain), S. Andreon (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy), N. Auricchio (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), C. Baccigalupi (IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy), M. Baldi (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universit`a di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), S. Bardelli (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), A. Biviano (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy), E. Branchini (Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy), M. Brescia (Department of Physics "E. Pancini", University Federico II, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy), J. Brinchmann (Instituto de Astrof’isica e Ci^encias do Espac{c}o, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal, Faculdade de Ci^encias da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo de Alegre, 4150-007 Porto, Portugal, European Southern Observatory, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str.~2, 85748 Garching, Germany), S. Camera (Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a degli Studi di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Torino, Via P. Giuria 1, 10125 Torino, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese), G. Ca~nas-Herrera (European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands), V. Capobianco (INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese), V. F. Cardone (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 – c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy), J. Carretero (Centro de Investigaciones Energ’eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol’ogicas, Port d’Informaci’o Cient’ifica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra), S. Casas (Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology, Deutsches Zentrum f"ur Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V), F. J. Castander (Institute of Space Sciences, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya), M. Castellano (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), G. Castignani (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), S. Cavuoti (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy, INFN section of Naples, Via Cinthia 6, 80126, Napoli, Italy), A. Cimatti (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit`a di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), C. Colodro-Conde (Instituto de Astrof’isica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), G. Congedo (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK), C. J. Conselice (Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK), L. Conversi (European Space Agency/ESRIN, Largo Galileo Galilei 1, 00044 Frascati, Roma, Italy, ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca~nada, Madrid, Spain), Y. Copin (Universit’e Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France), F. Courbin (Institut de Ci`encies del Cosmos, Instituci’o Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avanc{c}ats, Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai), H. M. Courtois (UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, 4 rue Enrico Fermi, 69622 Villeurbanne, France), H. Degaudenzi (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), G. De Lucia (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), H. Dole (Universit’e Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France), F. Dubath (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), C. A. J. Duncan (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK), X. Dupac (ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca~nada, Madrid, Spain), S. Escoffier (Aix-Marseille Universit’e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), M. Farina (INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy), R. Farinelli (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), S. Ferriol (Universit’e Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France), N. Fourmanoit (Aix-Marseille Universit’e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), M. Frailis (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), E. Franceschi (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), M. Fumana (INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy), S. Galeotta (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), K. George (University Observatory, LMU Faculty of Physics, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 Munich, Germany), W. Gillard (Aix-Marseille Universit’e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), B. Gillis (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK), C. Giocoli (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), J. Gracia-Carpio (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany), A. Grazian (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy), F. Grupp (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany, Universit"ats-Sternwarte M"unchen, Fakult"at f"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit"at M"unchen, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 M"unchen, Germany), S. V. H. Haugan (Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway), W. Holmes (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA), F. Hormuth (Felix Hormuth Engineering, Goethestr. 17, 69181 Leimen, Germany), A. Hornstrup (Technical University of Denmark, Elektrovej 327, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark, Cosmic Dawn Center), K. Jahnke (Max-Planck-Institut f"ur Astronomie, K"onigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany), M. Jhabvala (NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA), B. Joachimi (Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK), E. Keih"anen (Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf H"allstr"omin katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), S. Kermiche (Aix-Marseille Universit’e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), A. Kiessling (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA), B. Kubik (Universit’e Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France), M. K"ummel (Universit"ats-Sternwarte M"unchen, Fakult"at f"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit"at M"unchen, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 M"unchen, Germany), M. Kunz (Universit’e de Gen`eve, D’epartement de Physique Th’eorique and Centre for Astroparticle Physics, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Gen`eve 4, Switzerland), H. Kurki-Suonio (Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf H"allstr"omin katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), A. M. C. Le Brun (Laboratoire d’etude de l’Univers et des phenomenes eXtremes, Observatoire de Paris, Universit’e PSL, Sorbonne Universit’e, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France), S. Ligori (INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino, Via Osservatorio 20, 10025 Pino Torinese), P. B. Lilje (Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway), V. Lindholm (Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf H"allstr"omin katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), I. Lloro (SKAO, Jodrell Bank, Lower Withington, Macclesfield SK11 9FT, UK), G. Mainetti (Centre de Calcul de l’IN2P3/CNRS, 21 avenue Pierre de Coubertin 69627 Villeurbanne Cedex, France), D. Maino (Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Universit`a degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy), E. Maiorano (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), O. Mansutti (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), S. Marcin (University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Northwestern Switzerland, School of Computer Science, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland), O. Marggraf (Universit"at Bonn, Argelander-Institut f"ur Astronomie, Auf dem H"ugel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany), M. Martinelli (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 – c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy), N. Martinet (Aix-Marseille Universit’e, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France), F. Marulli (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit`a di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), R. J. Massey (Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK), E. Medinaceli (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), S. Mei (Universit’e Paris Cit’e, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France, CNRS-UCB International Research Laboratory, Centre Pierre Bin’etruy, IRL2007, CPB-IN2P3, Berkeley, USA), Y. Mellier (Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, France, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Universit’e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France), M. Meneghetti (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), E. Merlin (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), G. Meylan (Institute of Physics, Laboratory of Astrophysics, Ecole Polytechnique F’ed’erale de Lausanne), A. Mora (Telespazio UK S.L. for European Space Agency), L. Moscardini (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit`a di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), C. Neissner (Institut de F’isica d’Altes Energies, Port d’Informaci’o Cient’ifica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra), S. -M. Niemi (European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands), C. Padilla (Institut de F’isica d’Altes Energies), S. Paltani (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), F. Pasian (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), K. Pedersen (DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark), V. Pettorino (European Space Agency/ESTEC, Keplerlaan 1, 2201 AZ Noordwijk, The Netherlands), S. Pires (Universit’e Paris-Saclay, Universit’e Paris Cit’e, CEA, CNRS, AIM, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), G. Polenta (Space Science Data Center, Italian Space Agency, via del Politecnico snc, 00133 Roma, Italy), M. Poncet (Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales — Centre spatial de Toulouse, 18 avenue Edouard Belin, 31401 Toulouse Cedex 9, France), L. A. Popa (Institute of Space Science, Str. Atomistilor, nr. 409 Mu{a}gurele, Ilfov, 077125, Romania), L. Pozzetti (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), F. Raison (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany), A. Renzi (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Universit`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), J. Rhodes (Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA, 91109, USA), G. Riccio (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy), E. Romelli (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), M. Roncarelli (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), E. Rossetti (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universit`a di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy), R. Saglia (Universit"ats-Sternwarte M"unchen, Fakult"at f"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit"at M"unchen, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 M"unchen, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany), Z. Sakr (Institut f"ur Theoretische Physik, University of Heidelberg, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Plan’etologie, Universit’e St Joseph, Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon), D. Sapone (Departamento de F’isica, FCFM, Universidad de Chile, Blanco Encalada 2008, Santiago, Chile), B. Sartoris (Universit"ats-Sternwarte M"unchen, Fakult"at f"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit"at M"unchen, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 M"unchen, Germany, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), P. Schneider (Universit"at Bonn, Argelander-Institut f"ur Astronomie, Auf dem H"ugel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany), T. Schrabback (Universit"at Innsbruck, Institut f"ur Astro- und Teilchenphysik, Technikerstr. 25/8, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria), M. Scodeggio (INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy), A. Secroun (Aix-Marseille Universit’e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), G. Seidel (Max-Planck-Institut f"ur Astronomie, K"onigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany), S. Serrano (Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Satlantis, University Science Park, Sede Bld 48940, Leioa-Bilbao, Spain, Institute of Space Sciences), P. Simon (Universit"at Bonn, Argelander-Institut f"ur Astronomie, Auf dem H"ugel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany), G. Sirri (INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), A. Spurio Mancini (Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Surrey TW20 0EX, UK), L. Stanco (INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), J. Steinwagner (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany), C. Surace (Aix-Marseille Universit’e, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France), P. Tallada-Cresp’i (Centro de Investigaciones Energ’eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol’ogicas, Port d’Informaci’o Cient’ifica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra), A. N. Taylor (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK), H. I. Teplitz (Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA), I. Tereno (Departamento de F’isica, Faculdade de Ci^encias, Universidade de Lisboa, Edif’icio C8, Campo Grande, PT1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal, Instituto de Astrof’isica e Ci^encias do Espac{c}o, Faculdade de Ci^encias, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal), N. Tessore (Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London, Holmbury St Mary, Dorking, Surrey RH5 6NT, UK), S. Toft (Cosmic Dawn Center, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 128, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark), R. Toledo-Moreo (Universidad Polit’ecnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Electr’onica y Tecnolog’ia de Computadoras, Plaza del Hospital 1, 30202 Cartagena, Spain), F. Torradeflot (Port d’Informaci’o Cient’ifica, Campus UAB, C. Albareda s/n, 08193 Bellaterra, Centro de Investigaciones Energ’eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol’ogicas), I. Tutusaus (Institute of Space Sciences, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Plan’etologie), L. Valenziano (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy), J. Valiviita (Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf H"allstr"omin katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), T. Vassallo (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), A. Veropalumbo (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy), D. Vibert (Aix-Marseille Universit’e, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France), J. Weller (Universit"ats-Sternwarte M"unchen, Fakult"at f"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit"at M"unchen, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 M"unchen, Germany, Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany), A. Zacchei (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy), G. Zamorani (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), F. M. Zerbi (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy), E. Zucca (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), V. Allevato (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte, Via Moiariello 16, 80131 Napoli, Italy), M. Ballardini (Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit`a degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), M. Bolzonella (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), A. Boucaud (Universit’e Paris Cit’e, CNRS, Astroparticule et Cosmologie, 75013 Paris, France), E. Bozzo (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), C. Burigana (INAF, Istituto di Radioastronomia, Via Piero Gobetti 101, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy), R. Cabanac (Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Plan’etologie), M. Calabrese (Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley, INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy), A. Cappi (Universit’e C^ote d’Azur, Observatoire de la C^ote d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange, Bd de l’Observatoire, CS 34229, 06304 Nice cedex 4, France, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), J. A. Escartin Vigo (Max Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany), G. Fabbian (Universit’e Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France), L. Gabarra (Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK), W. G. Hartley (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), R. Maoli (Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Universit`a di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Roma, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), J. Mart’in-Fleitas (Aurora Technology for European Space Agency), S. Matthew (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK), N. Mauri (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit`a di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), R. B. Metcalf (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit`a di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), A. Pezzotta (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy), M. P"ontinen (Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), V. Scottez (Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, 98bis Boulevard Arago, 75014, Paris, France, ICL, Junia, Universit’e Catholique de Lille, LITL, 59000 Lille, France), M. Sereno (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), M. Tenti (INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), M. Viel (IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy), M. Wiesmann (Institute of Theoretical Astrophysics, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1029 Blindern, 0315 Oslo, Norway), Y. Akrami (Instituto de F’isica Te’orica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain, CERCA/ISO, Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA), I. T. Andika (Technical University of Munich, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Physics Department, James-Franck-Str.~1, 85748 Garching, Germany, Max-Planck-Institut f"ur Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str.~1, 85748 Garching, Germany), S. Anselmi (INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Universit`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, Laboratoire Univers et Th’eorie, Observatoire de Paris, Universit’e PSL, Universit’e Paris Cit’e, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France), M. Archidiacono (Dipartimento di Fisica "Aldo Pontremoli", Universit`a degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy), F. Atrio-Barandela (Departamento de F’isica Fundamental. Universidad de Salamanca. Plaza de la Merced s/n. 37008 Salamanca, Spain), S. Avila (Centro de Investigaciones Energ’eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol’ogicas), D. Bertacca (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Universit`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy, INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), A. Blanchard (Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Plan’etologie), L. Blot (Center for Data-Driven Discovery, Kavli IPMU, Laboratoire d’etude de l’Univers et des phenomenes eXtremes, Observatoire de Paris, Universit’e PSL, Sorbonne Universit’e, CNRS, 92190 Meudon, France), M. Bonici (Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada, INAF-IASF Milano, Via Alfonso Corti 12, 20133 Milano, Italy), S. Borgani (Dipartimento di Fisica – Sezione di Astronomia, Universit`a di Trieste, Via Tiepolo 11, 34131 Trieste, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy), M. L. Brown (Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK), A. Calabro (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), B. Camacho Quevedo (IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy), F. Caro (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), C. S. Carvalho (Instituto de Astrof’isica e Ci^encias do Espac{c}o, Faculdade de Ci^encias, Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-018 Lisboa, Portugal), T. Castro (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy), F. Cogato (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit`a di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), S. Conseil (Universit’e Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IP2I Lyon, UMR 5822, Villeurbanne, F-69100, France), A. R. Cooray (Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, USA), O. Cucciati (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), S. Davini (INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy), G. Desprez (Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen, PO Box 800, 9700 AV Groningen, The Netherlands), A. D’iaz-S’anchez (Departamento F’isica Aplicada, Universidad Polit’ecnica de Cartagena, Campus Muralla del Mar, 30202 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain), J. J. Diaz (Instituto de Astrof’isica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), S. Di Domizio (Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy), J. M. Diego (Instituto de F’isica de Cantabria, Edificio Juan Jord’a, Avenida de los Castros, 39005 Santander, Spain), A. Enia (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), Y. Fang (Universit"ats-Sternwarte M"unchen, Fakult"at f"ur Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit"at M"unchen, Scheinerstr.~1, 81679 M"unchen, Germany), A. G. Ferrari (INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), A. Finoguenov (Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), A. Fontana (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), A. Franco (INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Via per Arnesano, CP-193, 73100, Lecce, Italy, Department of Mathematics and Physics E. De Giorgi, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, CP-I93, 73100, Lecce, Italy, INAF-Sezione di Lecce, c/o Dipartimento Matematica e Fisica, Via per Arnesano, 73100, Lecce, Italy), J. Garc’ia-Bellido (Instituto de F’isica Te’orica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain), T. Gasparetto (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy), V. Gautard (CEA Saclay, DFR/IRFU, Service d’Astrophysique, Bat. 709, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France), E. Gaztanaga (Institute of Space Sciences, Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya, Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK), F. Giacomini (INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), F. Gianotti (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), G. Gozaliasl (Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, PO Box 15400, Espoo, FI-00 076, Finland, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 64, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), M. Guidi (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universit`a di Bologna, Via Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), C. M. Gutierrez (Instituto de Astrof’isica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrof’i sica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), A. Hall (Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, Edinburgh EH9 3HJ, UK), C. Hern’andez-Monteagudo (Universidad de La Laguna, Dpto. Astrof’i sica, E-38206 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain, Instituto de Astrof’isica de Canarias, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain), H. Hildebrandt (Ruhr University Bochum, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Astronomical Institute), J. Hjorth (DARK, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 155, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark), S. Joudaki (Centro de Investigaciones Energ’eticas, Medioambientales y Tecnol’ogicas), J. J. E. Kajava (Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vesilinnantie 5, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland, Serco for European Space Agency), Y. Kang (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), V. Kansal (ARC Centre of Excellence for Dark Matter Particle Physics, Melbourne, Australia, Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia), D. Karagiannis (Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit`a degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, Cape Town, 7535, South Africa), K. Kiiveri (Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf H"allstr"omin katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), J. Kim (Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK), C. C. Kirkpatrick (Department of Physics and Helsinki Institute of Physics, Gustaf H"allstr"omin katu 2, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland), S. Kruk (ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca~nada, Madrid, Spain), M. Lattanzi (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy), V. Le Brun (Aix-Marseille Universit’e, CNRS, CNES, LAM, Marseille, France), L. Legrand (DAMTP, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Wilberforce Road, Cambridge CB3 0WA, UK, Kavli Institute for Cosmology Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK), M. Lembo (Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, UMR 7095, CNRS, and Sorbonne Universit’e, 98 bis boulevard Arago, 75014 Paris, France, Dipartimento di Fisica e Scienze della Terra, Universit`a degli Studi di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Ferrara, Via Giuseppe Saragat 1, 44122 Ferrara, Italy), F. Lepori (Department of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland), G. Leroy (Department of Physics, Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK, Department of Physics, Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK), G. F. Lesci (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit`a di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), J. Lesgourgues (Institute for Theoretical Particle Physics and Cosmology), L. Leuzzi (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), T. I. Liaudat (IRFU, CEA, Universit’e Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France), S. J. Liu (INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy), A. Loureiro (Oskar Klein Centre for Cosmoparticle Physics, Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-106 91, Sweden, Astrophysics Group, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK), J. Macias-Perez (Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LPSC-IN2P3, 53, Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France), M. Magliocchetti (INAF-Istituto di Astrofisica e Planetologia Spaziali, via del Fosso del Cavaliere, 100, 00100 Roma, Italy), F. Mannucci (INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri, Largo E. Fermi 5, 50125, Firenze, Italy), C. J. A. P. Martins (Centro de Astrof’isica da Universidade do Porto, Rua das Estrelas, 4150-762 Porto, Portugal, Instituto de Astrof’isica e Ci^encias do Espac{c}o, Universidade do Porto, CAUP, Rua das Estrelas, PT4150-762 Porto, Portugal), L. Maurin (Universit’e Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Institut d’astrophysique spatiale, 91405, Orsay, France), M. Miluzio (ESAC/ESA, Camino Bajo del Castillo, s/n., Urb. Villafranca del Castillo, 28692 Villanueva de la Ca~nada, Madrid, Spain, HE Space for European Space Agency), C. Moretti (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Trieste, Via G. B. Tiepolo 11, 34143 Trieste, Italy, IFPU, Institute for Fundamental Physics of the Universe, via Beirut 2, 34151 Trieste, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy, SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy), G. Morgante (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), S. Nadathur (Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK), K. Naidoo (Institute of Cosmology and Gravitation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 3FX, UK, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK), A. Navarro-Alsina (Universit"at Bonn, Argelander-Institut f"ur Astronomie, Auf dem H"ugel 71, 53121 Bonn, Germany), S. Nesseris (Instituto de F’isica Te’orica UAM-CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain), D. Paoletti (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INFN-Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy), K. Paterson (Max-Planck-Institut f"ur Astronomie, K"onigstuhl 17, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany), L. Patrizii (INFN-Sezione di Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy), A. Pisani (Aix-Marseille Universit’e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), D. Potter (Department of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland), S. Quai (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Augusto Righi" – Alma Mater Studiorum Universit`a di Bologna, via Piero Gobetti 93/2, 40129 Bologna, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), M. Radovich (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy), G. Rodighiero (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Universit`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Via dell’Osservatorio 5, 35122 Padova, Italy), S. Sacquegna (INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico d’Abruzzo, Via Maggini, 64100, Teramo, Italy), M. Sahl’en (Theoretical astrophysics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, 751 37 Uppsala, Sweden), D. B. Sanders (Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA), E. Sarpa (SISSA, International School for Advanced Studies, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste TS, Italy, ICSC – Centro Nazionale di Ricerca in High Performance Computing, Big Data e Quantum Computing, Via Magnanelli 2, Bologna, Italy, INFN, Sezione di Trieste, Via Valerio 2, 34127 Trieste TS, Italy), A. Schneider (Department of Astrophysics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland), D. Sciotti (INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma, Via Frascati 33, 00078 Monteporzio Catone, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2 – c/o Dipartimento di Fisica, Edificio G. Marconi, 00185 Roma, Italy), E. Sellentin (Mathematical Institute, University of Leiden, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands, Leiden Observatory, Leiden University, Einsteinweg 55, 2333 CC Leiden, The Netherlands), L. C. Smith (Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK), K. Tanidis (Department of Physics, Oxford University, Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3RH, UK), C. Tao (Aix-Marseille Universit’e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), G. Testera (INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy), R. Teyssier (Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Peyton Hall, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA), S. Tosi (Dipartimento di Fisica, Universit`a di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, INFN-Sezione di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, 16146, Genova, Italy, INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Brera, Via Brera 28, 20122 Milano, Italy), A. Troja (Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Universit`a di Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy, INFN-Padova, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy), M. Tucci (Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva, ch. d’Ecogia 16, 1290 Versoix, Switzerland), A. Venhola (Space physics and astronomy research unit, University of Oulu, Pentti Kaiteran katu 1, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland), D. Vergani (INAF-Osservatorio di Astrofisica e Scienza dello Spazio di Bologna, Via Piero Gobetti 93/3, 40129 Bologna, Italy), F. Vernizzi (Institut de Physique Th’eorique, CEA, CNRS, Universit’e Paris-Saclay 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France), G. Verza (Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute, 162 5th Avenue, 10010, New York, NY, USA), P. Vielzeuf (Aix-Marseille Universit’e, CNRS/IN2P3, CPPM, Marseille, France), N. A. Walton (Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK)
arXiv:2511.20856v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: We present the strategy used to identify and mitigate potential sources of angular systematics in the textit{Euclid} spectroscopic galaxy survey, and we quantify their impact on galaxy clustering measurements and cosmological parameter estimation. We first surveyed the textit{Euclid} processing pipeline to identify all evident, potential sources of systematics, and classified them into two broad classes: angular systematics, which modulate the galaxy number density across the sky, and catastrophic redshift errors, which lead to interlopers in the galaxy sample. We then used simulated spectroscopic surveys to test our ability to mitigate angular systematics by constructing a random catalogue that represents the `visibility mask’ of the survey; this is a dense set of intrinsically unclustered objects, subject to the same selection effects as the data catalogue. The construction of this random catalogue relies on a
detection model, which gives the probability of reliably measuring the galaxy redshift as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of its emission lines. We demonstrate that, in the ideal case of a perfect knowledge of the visibility mask, the galaxy power spectrum in the presence of systematics is recovered, to within sub-per cent accuracy, by convolving a theory power spectrum with a window function obtained from the random catalogue itself. In the case of only approximate knowledge of the visibility mask, we test the stability of power spectrum measurements and cosmological parameter posteriors by using perturbed versions of the random catalogue. We find that significant effects are limited to very large scales, and parameter estimation remains robust; the most impacting effects are connected to the calibration of the detection model.arXiv:2511.20856v2 Announce Type: replace
Abstract: We present the strategy used to identify and mitigate potential sources of angular systematics in the textit{Euclid} spectroscopic galaxy survey, and we quantify their impact on galaxy clustering measurements and cosmological parameter estimation. We first surveyed the textit{Euclid} processing pipeline to identify all evident, potential sources of systematics, and classified them into two broad classes: angular systematics, which modulate the galaxy number density across the sky, and catastrophic redshift errors, which lead to interlopers in the galaxy sample. We then used simulated spectroscopic surveys to test our ability to mitigate angular systematics by constructing a random catalogue that represents the `visibility mask’ of the survey; this is a dense set of intrinsically unclustered objects, subject to the same selection effects as the data catalogue. The construction of this random catalogue relies on a
detection model, which gives the probability of reliably measuring the galaxy redshift as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of its emission lines. We demonstrate that, in the ideal case of a perfect knowledge of the visibility mask, the galaxy power spectrum in the presence of systematics is recovered, to within sub-per cent accuracy, by convolving a theory power spectrum with a window function obtained from the random catalogue itself. In the case of only approximate knowledge of the visibility mask, we test the stability of power spectrum measurements and cosmological parameter posteriors by using perturbed versions of the random catalogue. We find that significant effects are limited to very large scales, and parameter estimation remains robust; the most impacting effects are connected to the calibration of the detection model.