Design and performance of the multi-PMT optical module for IceCube Upgrade. (arXiv:2107.11383v1 [astro-ph.IM])

Design and performance of the multi-PMT optical module for IceCube Upgrade. (arXiv:2107.11383v1 [astro-ph.IM])
<a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Anderson_T/0/1/0/all/0/1">T. Anderson</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Classen_L/0/1/0/all/0/1">L. Classen</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Fienberg_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">A.T. Fienberg</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Mechbal_S/0/1/0/all/0/1">S. Mechbal</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Schneider_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">J. Schneider</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Sulanke_K/0/1/0/all/0/1">K.-H. Sulanke</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Elorrieta_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">M.A. Unland Elorrieta</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Wendt_C/0/1/0/all/0/1">C. Wendt</a> (for the IceCube Collaboration)

The IceCube Upgrade is the first step towards the next-generation neutrino
observatory at the South Pole, IceCube-Gen2, and will be installed in the
central region of the existing array. The Upgrade will consist of 693 newly
developed, densely spaced optical sensors and 50 standalone calibration
devices, which will enhance IceCube’s capabilities both at low and high
neutrino energies. Of the new sensors, 402 will be multi-PMT Digital Optical
Modules (mDOMs). Consisting of 24 small photomultipliers arranged inside a
pressure vessel, the mDOM features a large sensitive area distributed nearly
homogeneously over the full solid angle. The use of multiple, individually
read-out PMTs allows directional information to be obtained for the registered
photons and enables the use of multiplicity triggering within a single module,
e.g., for background suppression. The challenges driving the mDOM development
included tight restrictions on module size, data-transfer rate, and power
consumption as well as the harsh environment in the deep ice at the South Pole.
In this contribution we present the final mDOM design that meets these
challenges.

The IceCube Upgrade is the first step towards the next-generation neutrino
observatory at the South Pole, IceCube-Gen2, and will be installed in the
central region of the existing array. The Upgrade will consist of 693 newly
developed, densely spaced optical sensors and 50 standalone calibration
devices, which will enhance IceCube’s capabilities both at low and high
neutrino energies. Of the new sensors, 402 will be multi-PMT Digital Optical
Modules (mDOMs). Consisting of 24 small photomultipliers arranged inside a
pressure vessel, the mDOM features a large sensitive area distributed nearly
homogeneously over the full solid angle. The use of multiple, individually
read-out PMTs allows directional information to be obtained for the registered
photons and enables the use of multiplicity triggering within a single module,
e.g., for background suppression. The challenges driving the mDOM development
included tight restrictions on module size, data-transfer rate, and power
consumption as well as the harsh environment in the deep ice at the South Pole.
In this contribution we present the final mDOM design that meets these
challenges.

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