Baryogenesis from the weak scale to the grand unification scale. (arXiv:2009.07294v2 [hep-ph] UPDATED)
<a href="http://arxiv.org/find/hep-ph/1/au:+Bodeker_D/0/1/0/all/0/1">Dietrich Bodeker</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/hep-ph/1/au:+Buchmuller_W/0/1/0/all/0/1">Wilfried Buchmuller</a>
We review the current status of baryogenesis with emphasis on electroweak
baryogenesis and leptogenesis. The first detailed studies were carried out for
SU(5) GUT models where CP-violating decays of leptoquarks generate a baryon
asymmetry. These GUT models were excluded by the discovery of B+L violating
sphaleron processes at high temperatures. Yet a new possibility emerged,
electroweak baryogenesis. Here sphaleron processes generate a baryon asymmetry
during a strongly first-order phase transition. This mechanism has been studied
in many extensions of the Standard Model. However, constraints from the LHC and
from low-energy precision experiments exclude most of the known models, leaving
composite Higgs models of electroweak symmetry breaking as an interesting
possibility. Sphaleron processes are also the basis of leptogenesis, where
CP-violating decays of heavy right-handed neutrinos generate a lepton asymmetry
which is partially converted to a baryon asymmetry. This mechanism is closely
related to the one of GUT baryogenesis, and simple estimates based on GUT
models can explain the order of magnitude of the observed baryon-to-photon
ratio. In the one-flavour approximation an upper bound on the light neutrino
masses has been derived which is consistent with the cosmological upper bound
on the sum of neutrino masses. For quasi-degenerate right-handed neutrinos the
leptogenesis temperature can be lowered from the GUT scale down to the weak
scale, and CP-violating oscillations of GeV sterile neutinos can also lead to
successfull leptogenesis. Significant progress has been made in developing a
full field theoretical description of thermal leptogenesis, which demonstrated
that interactions with gauge bosons of the thermal plasma play a crucial role.
Finally, we discuss recent ideas how the seesaw mechanism and B-L breaking at
the GUT scale can be probed by gravitational waves.
We review the current status of baryogenesis with emphasis on electroweak
baryogenesis and leptogenesis. The first detailed studies were carried out for
SU(5) GUT models where CP-violating decays of leptoquarks generate a baryon
asymmetry. These GUT models were excluded by the discovery of B+L violating
sphaleron processes at high temperatures. Yet a new possibility emerged,
electroweak baryogenesis. Here sphaleron processes generate a baryon asymmetry
during a strongly first-order phase transition. This mechanism has been studied
in many extensions of the Standard Model. However, constraints from the LHC and
from low-energy precision experiments exclude most of the known models, leaving
composite Higgs models of electroweak symmetry breaking as an interesting
possibility. Sphaleron processes are also the basis of leptogenesis, where
CP-violating decays of heavy right-handed neutrinos generate a lepton asymmetry
which is partially converted to a baryon asymmetry. This mechanism is closely
related to the one of GUT baryogenesis, and simple estimates based on GUT
models can explain the order of magnitude of the observed baryon-to-photon
ratio. In the one-flavour approximation an upper bound on the light neutrino
masses has been derived which is consistent with the cosmological upper bound
on the sum of neutrino masses. For quasi-degenerate right-handed neutrinos the
leptogenesis temperature can be lowered from the GUT scale down to the weak
scale, and CP-violating oscillations of GeV sterile neutinos can also lead to
successfull leptogenesis. Significant progress has been made in developing a
full field theoretical description of thermal leptogenesis, which demonstrated
that interactions with gauge bosons of the thermal plasma play a crucial role.
Finally, we discuss recent ideas how the seesaw mechanism and B-L breaking at
the GUT scale can be probed by gravitational waves.
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