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Prospects for weighing neutrinos in interacting dark energy models using joint observations of gravitational waves and $gamma$-ray bursts Lu Feng, Tao Han, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin Zhang arXiv:2404.19530v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: In this work, we explore the capability of future gravitational wave (GW) standard siren observations to constrain the total neutrino mass in some typical interacting dark energy (IDE) models. We examine the combined potential of the third-generation ground-based GW detector network and a short $gamma$-ray burst (GRB) detector similar to the THESEUS telescope for cosmological analysis. Our findings suggest that future GW standard siren observations could modestly refine the upper limit on the totalRead More →

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Shocks in the Warm Neutral Medium I — Theoretical model Benjamin Godard (LPENS), Guillaume Pineau Des For^ets (IAS), Shmuel Bialy arXiv:2404.19533v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Context. Atomic and molecular line emissions from shocks may provide valuable information on the injection of mechanical energy in the interstellar medium (ISM), the generation of turbulence, and the processes of phase transition between the Warm Neutral Medium (WNM) and the Cold Neutral Medium (CNM).Aims. In this series of papers, we investigate the properties of shocks propagating in the WNM. Our objective is to identify the tracers of these shocks, use them to interpret ancillary observations of the local diffuseRead More →

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Extinction and AGN over host galaxy contrast effects on the optical spectroscopic classification of AGN L. Barqu’in-Gonz’alez, S. Mateos, F. J. Carrera, I. Ordov’as-Pascual, A. Alonso-Herrero, A. Caccianiga, N. Cardiel, A. Corral, R. M. Dom’inguez, I. Garc’ia-Bernete, G. Mountrichas, P. Severgnini arXiv:2404.19544v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: The optical spectroscopic classification of active galactic nuclei (AGN) into type 1 and type 2 can be understood in the frame of the AGN unification models. However, it remains unclear which physical properties are driving the classification into intermediate sub-types (1.0,1.2,1.5,1.8,1.9). To shed light on this issue, we present an analysis of the effect of extinction and AGN andRead More →

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Cool-core, X-ray cavities and cold front revealed in RXCJ0352.9+1941 cluster by Chandra and GMRT observations Satish S. Sonkamble, S. K. Kadam, Surajit Paul, M. B. Pandge, P. K. Pawar, M. K. Patil arXiv:2404.19549v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of 30 ks Chandra and 46.8 ks (13 Hr) 1.4 GHz GMRT radio data on the cool-core cluster RXCJ0352.9+1941 with an objective to investigate AGN activities at its core. This study confirms a pair of X-ray cavities at projected distances of about 10.30 kpc and 20.80 kpc, respectively, on the NW and SE of the X-ray peak. GMRT L band (1.4 GHz)Read More →

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Acceptance Tests of more than 10 000 Photomultiplier Tubes for the multi-PMT Digital Optical Modules of the IceCube Upgrade R. Abbasi, M. Ackermann, J. Adams, S. K. Agarwalla, J. A. Aguilar, M. Ahlers, J. M. Alameddine, N. M. Amin, K. Andeen, C. Arg"uelles, Y. Ashida, S. Athanasiadou, L. Ausborm, S. N. Axani, X. Bai, A. Balagopal V., M. Baricevic, S. W. Barwick, S. Bash, V. Basu, R. Bay, J. J. Beatty, J. Becker Tjus, J. Beise, C. Bellenghi, C. Benning, S. BenZvi, D. Berley, E. Bernardini, D. Z. Besson, E. Blaufuss, L. Bloom, S. Blot, F. Bontempo, J. Y. Book Motzkin, C. Boscolo Meneguolo, S.Read More →

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Recovery of the X-ray polarization of Swift J1727.8$-$1613 after the soft to hard spectral transition J. Podgorn’y, J. Svoboda, M. Dovv{c}iak, A. Veledina, J. Poutanen, P. Kaaret, S. Bianchi, A. Ingram, F. Capitanio, S. R. Datta, E. Egron, H. Krawczynski, G. Matt, F. Muleri, P. -O. Petrucci, T. D. Russell, J. F. Steiner, N. Bollemeijer, M. Brigitte, R. Emami, J. A. Garc’ia, K. Hu, M. N. Iacolina, V. Kravtsov, L. Marra, G. Mastroserio, T. Mu~noz-Darias, E. Nathan, M. Negro, A. Ratheesh, N. Rodriguez Cavero, R. Taverna, F. Tombesi, Y. J. Yang, W. Zhang, Y. Zhang arXiv:2404.19601v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: We report on the detectionRead More →

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More luminous red novae that require jets Noam Soker (Technion, Israel) arXiv:2404.19617v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: I study two intermediate luminosity optical transients (ILOTs) classified as luminous red novae (LRNe) and argue that their modeling with a common envelope evolution (CEE) without jets encounters challenges. LRNe are ILOTs powered by violent binary interaction. Although popular in the literature is to assume a CEE is the cause of LRNe, I here repeat an old claim that many LRNe are powered by grazing envelope evolution (GEE) events; the GEE might end in a CEE or a detached binary system. I find that the LRN AT 2021biy mightRead More →

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New observatory in Chile—the highest in the world—aims to reveal origins of planets, galaxies and more How do planets form? How do galaxies evolve? And ultimately, how did the universe itself begin? A unique astronomical observatory that researchers hope will unravel some of the biggest mysteries out there marks its opening on April 30, 2024. phys.org Go to SourceRead More →

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Insanely Detailed Webb Image of the Horsehead Nebula Few space images are as iconic as those of the Horsehead Nebula. Its shape makes it instantly recognizable. Over the decades, a number of telescopes have captured its image, turning it into a sort of test case for a telescope’s power. The JWST has them all beat. The Horsehead Nebula is about 1300 light-years away in Orion. It’s part of the much larger Orion Molecular Cloud Complex. Horsehead is visible near the three stars in Orion’s Belt in a zoomed-in image. The Horsehead Nebula is visible in this image of Orion’s Belt. It’s in the lower left,Read More →

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Binary Stars Form in the Same Nebula But Aren’t Identical. Now We Know Why. It stands to reason that stars formed from the same cloud of material will have the same metallicity. That fact underpins some avenues of astronomical research, like the search for the Sun’s siblings. But for some binary stars, it’s not always true. Their composition can be different despite forming from the same reservoir of material, and the difference extends to their planetary systems. New research shows that the differences can be traced back to their earliest stages of formation. Binary stars are the norm, while solitary stars like our Sun areRead More →

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Earth Had a Magnetosphere 3.7 Billion Years Ago We go about our daily lives sheltered under an invisible magnetic field generated deep inside Earth. It forms the magnetosphere, a region dominated by the magnetic field. Without that planetary protection shield, we’d experience harmful cosmic radiation and charged particles from the Sun. Has Earth always had this deflector shield? Probably so, and the evidence is in old rocks. A team of researchers at University of Oxford and MIT found the earliest evidence for its existence in stones found along the coast of Greenland in a region called the Isua Supercrustal Belt. Geologists have long known thatRead More →

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Astronomers Think They’ve Found Examples of the First Stars in the Universe When the first stars in the Universe formed, the only material available was primordial hydrogen and helium from the Big Bang. Astronomers call these original stars Population Three stars, and they were extremely massive, luminous, and hot stars. They’re gone now, and in fact, their existence is hypothetical. But if they did exist, they should’ve left their fingerprints on nearby gas, and astrophysicists are looking for it. The hunt for the Universe’s Population 3 (Pop III) stars is important in astrophysics. They were the first to form astronomical metals, elements heavier than hydrogenRead More →

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Astronomers significantly impact the climate by traveling to conferences, say researchers In 2019, global travel to international academic conferences in the field of astronomy caused the equivalent of 42,500 tons of climate-damaging CO2 emissions. This equates to an average of one ton of CO2 per participant and conference. The total distance covered adds up to a truly astronomical sum: one and a half times the distance between the Earth and the sun. phys.org Go to SourceRead More →

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Novel calculations peg age of ‘baby’ asteroid An asteroid dubbed “Lucy’s baby” after a NASA spacecraft discovered it is orbiting another asteroid last November is,, in fact,, a solar system toddler—just 2–3 million years old, a Cornell-led research team estimates using novel statistical calculations. phys.org Go to SourceRead More →

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Clouds blanket the night side of the hot exoplanet WASP-43b Using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), a team of astronomers, including scientists from MPIA, constructed a global temperature map of the hot, gas giant exoplanet WASP-43b. The nearby parent star perpetually illuminates one hemisphere, raising temperatures to a blistering 1250°C. Meanwhile, eternal night shrouds the opposite side. phys.org Go to SourceRead More →

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Researchers explore an old galactic open cluster Using data from ESA’s Gaia satellite, astronomers from Turkey and India have investigated NGC 188—an old open cluster in the Milky Way. Results of the study, published April 19 on the pre-print server arXiv, deliver important insights into the parameters and properties of this cluster. phys.org Go to SourceRead More →

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Astronomers’ simulations support dark matter theory Computer simulations by astronomers support the idea that dark matter—matter that no one has yet directly detected but which many physicists think must be there to explain several aspects of the observable universe—exists, according to the researchers, who include those at the University of California, Irvine. phys.org Go to SourceRead More →

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First Light from Einstein Probe: A Supernova Remnant On 9 January 2024, the Einstein probe was launched, its mission to study the night sky in X-rays. The first image from the probe that explores the Universe in these energetic wavelengths has just been released. It shows Puppis A, the supernova remnant from a massive star that exploded 4,000 years ago. The image showed the expanding cloud of ejecta from the explosion but now, Einstein will continue to scan the skies for other X-ray events.  The Chinese and European probe was designed to revolutionise our understanding of the Universe in X-rays. Named after none other thanRead More →

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Galaxies Evolved Surprisingly Quickly in the Early Universe Anyone familiar with astronomy will know that galaxies come in a fairly limited range of shapes, typically; spiral, elliptical, barred-spiral and irregular. The barred-spiral galaxy has been known to be a feature of the modern universe but a study from astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope has recently challenged that view. Following on observations using the James Webb Space Telescope has found the bar feature in some spiral galaxies as early as 11 billion years ago suggesting galaxies evolved faster in the early Universe than previously expected.  Our own Galaxy, the Milky Way is a spiral galaxyRead More →