Asteroid g-2 experiments: new fifth force and ultralight dark sector tests. (arXiv:2107.04038v1 [hep-ph])
<a href="http://arxiv.org/find/hep-ph/1/au:+Tsai_Y/0/1/0/all/0/1">Yu-Dai Tsai</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/hep-ph/1/au:+Wu_Y/0/1/0/all/0/1">Youjia Wu</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/hep-ph/1/au:+Vagnozzi_S/0/1/0/all/0/1">Sunny Vagnozzi</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/hep-ph/1/au:+Visinelli_L/0/1/0/all/0/1">Luca Visinelli</a>

We study for the first time the possibility of probing long-range fifth
forces utilizing asteroid astrometric data, via the fifth force-induced orbital
precession. We examine nine Near-Earth Object (NEO) asteroids whose orbital
trajectories are accurately determined via optical and radar astrometry.
Focusing on a Yukawa-type potential mediated by a new gauge field (dark photon)
or a baryon-coupled scalar, we estimate the sensitivity reach for the
fifth-force coupling strength and mediator mass in the mass range $m simeq
10^{-21}-10^{-15},{rm eV}$. Our estimated sensitivity is comparable to
leading limits from torsion balance experiments, potentially exceeding these in
a specific mass range. The fifth forced-induced precession increases with the
orbital semi-major axis in the small $m$ limit, motivating the study of objects
further away from the Sun. We discuss future exciting prospects for extending
our study to more than a million asteroids (including NEOs, main-belt
asteroids, Hildas, and Jupiter Trojans), as well as trans-Neptunian objects and
exoplanets.

We study for the first time the possibility of probing long-range fifth
forces utilizing asteroid astrometric data, via the fifth force-induced orbital
precession. We examine nine Near-Earth Object (NEO) asteroids whose orbital
trajectories are accurately determined via optical and radar astrometry.
Focusing on a Yukawa-type potential mediated by a new gauge field (dark photon)
or a baryon-coupled scalar, we estimate the sensitivity reach for the
fifth-force coupling strength and mediator mass in the mass range $m simeq
10^{-21}-10^{-15},{rm eV}$. Our estimated sensitivity is comparable to
leading limits from torsion balance experiments, potentially exceeding these in
a specific mass range. The fifth forced-induced precession increases with the
orbital semi-major axis in the small $m$ limit, motivating the study of objects
further away from the Sun. We discuss future exciting prospects for extending
our study to more than a million asteroids (including NEOs, main-belt
asteroids, Hildas, and Jupiter Trojans), as well as trans-Neptunian objects and
exoplanets.

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