Observation of Variations in Cosmic Ray Single Count Rates During Thunderstorms and Implications for Large-Scale Electric Field Changes. (arXiv:2111.09962v1 [astro-ph.HE])

Observation of Variations in Cosmic Ray Single Count Rates During Thunderstorms and Implications for Large-Scale Electric Field Changes. (arXiv:2111.09962v1 [astro-ph.HE])
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We present the first observation by the Telescope Array Surface Detector
(TASD) of the effect of thunderstorms on the development of cosmic ray single
count rate intensity over a 700 km$^{2}$ area. Observations of variations in
the secondary low-energy cosmic ray counting rate, using the TASD, allow us to
study the electric field inside thunderstorms, on a large scale, as it
progresses on top of the 700 km$^{2}$ detector, without dealing with the
limitation of narrow exposure in time and space using balloons and aircraft
detectors. In this work, variations in the cosmic ray intensity (single count
rate) using the TASD, were studied and found to be on average at the
$sim(0.5-1)%$ and up to 2% level. These observations were found to be both
in excess and in deficit. They were also found to be correlated with lightning
in addition to thunderstorms. These variations lasted for tens of minutes;
their footprint on the ground ranged from 6 to 24 km in diameter and moved in
the same direction as the thunderstorm. With the use of simple electric field
models inside the cloud and between cloud to ground, the observed variations in
the cosmic ray single count rate were recreated using CORSIKA simulations.
Depending on the electric field model used and the direction of the electric
field in that model, the electric field magnitude that reproduces the observed
low-energy cosmic ray single count rate variations was found to be
approximately between 0.2-0.4 GV. This in turn allows us to get a reasonable
insight on the electric field and its effect on cosmic ray air showers inside
thunderstorms.

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