Velocity-dependent J-factors for annihilation radiation from cosmological simulations. (arXiv:2101.06284v2 [astro-ph.CO] UPDATED) <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Board_E/0/1/0/all/0/1">Erin Board</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Bozorgnia_N/0/1/0/all/0/1">Nassim Bozorgnia</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Strigari_L/0/1/0/all/0/1">Louis E. Strigari</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Grand_R/0/1/0/all/0/1">Robert J. J. Grand</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Fattahi_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">Azadeh Fattahi</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Frenk_C/0/1/0/all/0/1">Carlos S. Frenk</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Marinacci_F/0/1/0/all/0/1">Federico Marinacci</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Navarro_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">Julio F. Navarro</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Oman_K/0/1/0/all/0/1">Kyle A. Oman</a> We determine the dark matter pair-wise relative velocity distribution in a set of Milky Way-like halos in the Auriga and APOSTLE simulations. Focusing on the smooth halo component, the relative velocity distribution is well-described by a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution over nearly all radii in the halo. We explore the implications for velocity-dependent dark matter annihilation, focusing on four models which scale asRead More →

The Tully-Fisher relation in dense groups at $z sim 0.7$ in the MAGIC survey. (arXiv:2101.08069v2 [astro-ph.GA] UPDATED) <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Abril_Melgarejo_V/0/1/0/all/0/1">Valentina Abril-Melgarejo</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Epinat_B/0/1/0/all/0/1">Beno&#xee;t Epinat</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Mercier_W/0/1/0/all/0/1">Wilfried Mercier</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Contini_T/0/1/0/all/0/1">Thierry Contini</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Boogaard_L/0/1/0/all/0/1">Leindert A. Boogaard</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Brinchmann_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">Jarle Brinchmann</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Finley_H/0/1/0/all/0/1">Hayley Finley</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Michel_Dansac_L/0/1/0/all/0/1">L&#xe9;o Michel-Dansac</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Ventou_E/0/1/0/all/0/1">Emmy Ventou</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Amram_P/0/1/0/all/0/1">Philipe Amram</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Krajnovic_D/0/1/0/all/0/1">Davor Krajnovi&#x107;</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Mahler_G/0/1/0/all/0/1">Guillaume Mahler</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Pineda_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">Juan C. B. Pineda</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Richard_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">Johan Richard</a> Galaxies in dense environments are subject to interactions and mechanisms which directly affect their evolution by lowering their gas fractions and reducing their star-forming capacity earlier than their isolated counterparts. The aim of our project is to get new insights about the roleRead More →

The Role of Strong Gravity and the Nuclear Equation of State on Neutron-Star Common-Envelope Accretion. (arXiv:2101.08267v2 [astro-ph.HE] UPDATED) <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Holgado_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">A. Miguel Holgado</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Silva_H/0/1/0/all/0/1">Hector O. Silva</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Ricker_P/0/1/0/all/0/1">Paul M. Ricker</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Yunes_N/0/1/0/all/0/1">Nicolas Yunes</a> Common-envelope evolution is important in the formation of neutron star binaries within the isolated binary formation channel. As a neutron star inspirals within the envelope of a primary massive star, it accretes and spins up. Because neutron stars are in the strong-gravity regime, they have a substantial relativistic mass deficit, i.e., their gravitational mass is less than their baryonic mass. This effect causes some fraction of the accreted baryonic mass to convertRead More →

Processing of Global Solar Irradiance and Ground-Based Infrared Sky Images for Very Short-Term Solar Forecasting. (arXiv:2101.08694v3 [astro-ph.IM] UPDATED) <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Terren_Serrano_G/0/1/0/all/0/1">Guillermo Terr&#xe9;n-Serrano</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Martinez_Ramon_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">Manel Mart&#xed;nez-Ram&#xf3;n</a> The projection of shadows from moving clouds in the troposphere impacts energy generation in power grids using Photovoltaic (PV) systems. This investigation proposes an efficient method of data processing for the statistical quantification of cloud features using long-wave Infrared (IR) images and Global Solar Irradiance (GSI) measurements. The infrared images are obtained using a Data Acquisition System (DAQ) mounted on a solar tracker. We explain how to remove cyclostationary biases in global solar irradiance measurements. Seasonal trends are removed from theRead More →

A 1-Stage, Fully Reusable Lunar Lander Makes the Most Sense for Returning Humans to the Moon When astronauts return to the Moon for the first time since the Apollo Era, they will be relying on a number of mission elements to get them there and back safely. This includes the Space Launch System (SLS) and Orion spacecraft that will launch a crew of four and carry them to the Moon. But until recently, the question of how they will get to and from the surface remained unresolved, as there were a few options. To determine which would be best in terms of performance and cost,Read More →

Careful Calculations Show That Earth is Safe From Asteroid Apophis for at Least 100 Years If you’re looking for doomsday, you can forget about asteroid Apophis. The latest radar observations have effectively ruled out any possibility of this near-Earth object (NEO) hitting Earth for the foreseeable future.  Apophis (99942 Apophis) was thought to pose a slight risk of impacting Earth in 2068, but the latest observations have refined the estimate of its orbit with extreme precision, enabling astronomers to confidently rule out any impact risk in 2068 and long after. Discovered in 2004, Apophis garnered all sorts of attention when initial calculations of its orbitRead More →

Dark matter is the most likely source of excess of gamma rays from galactic center In the recent past, space missions dedicated to the study of astrophysical signals in the high-energy spectrum revealed a series of enigmatic excesses not predicted by the theoretical models. In order to find an explanation for these anomalies, many solutions have been proposed. The most exciting hypothesis invokes the contribution of the elusive dark matter, the mysterious form of matter four times more abundant than baryonic matter, and of which scientists have so far detected only gravitational effects. phys.org Go to SourceRead More →

Image: Hubble spots a galaxy with a peculiar arm This image taken with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope features NGC 7678—a galaxy with one particularly prominent arm, located approximately 164 million light-years away in the constellation of Pegasus (the Winged Horse). phys.org Go to SourceRead More →

Many planetary systems prematurely evaporate into thin air When stars are born, large clouds of gas and dust form that are known as circumstellar discs. Research by Ph.D. candidate Francisca Concha-Ramírez shows that strong radiation from neighboring stars soon evaporates the dust in these discs, which can prevent planet formation at an early stage. Ph.D. defence on 6 April. phys.org Go to SourceRead More →

Astronomers discover new galaxy clusters hiding in plain sight MIT astronomers have discovered new and unusual galactic neighborhoods that previous studies overlooked. Their results, published today, suggest that roughly 1 percent of galaxy clusters look atypical and can be easily misidentified as a single bright galaxy. As researchers launch new cluster-hunting telescopes, they must heed these findings or risk having an incomplete picture of the universe. phys.org Go to SourceRead More →

Stellar eggs near galactic center hatching into baby stars Astronomers found a number of baby stars hiding around the center of the Milky Way using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). Previous studies had suggested that the environment there is too harsh to form stars because of the strong tidal forces, strong magnetic fields, high energy particles, and frequent supernova explosions. These findings indicate that star formation is more resilient than researchers thought. These observations suggest there is ubiquitous star formation activity hidden deep in dense molecular gas, which may allow for the possibility of a future burst of star formation around the galactic center.Read More →

Study sheds more light on the nature of binary system 2M06464003+0109157 Astronomers have investigated orbital and stellar parameters of an eclipsing binary known as 2M06464003+0109157. Results of the study shed more light on the nature of this peculiar system. The findings were presented in a paper published March 18 on the arXiv pre-print repository. phys.org Go to SourceRead More →

Dynamics of Laterally Propagating Flames in X-ray Bursts. II. Realistic Burning & Rotation. (arXiv:2102.00051v2 [astro-ph.HE] UPDATED) <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Harpole_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">A. Harpole</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Ford_N/0/1/0/all/0/1">N. M. Ford</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Eiden_K/0/1/0/all/0/1">K. Eiden</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Zingale_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">M. Zingale</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Willcox_D/0/1/0/all/0/1">D. E. Willcox</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Cavecchi_Y/0/1/0/all/0/1">Y. Cavecchi</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Katz_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">M. P. Katz</a> We continue to investigate two-dimensional laterally propagating flames in type I X-ray bursts using fully compressible hydrodynamics simulations. In the current study we relax previous approximations where we artificially boosted the flames. We now use more physically realistic reaction rates, thermal conductivities, and rotation rates, exploring the effects of neutron star rotation rate and thermal structure on the flame. We find that at lower rotationRead More →

A super-Earth on a close-in orbit around the M1V star GJ 740. A HADES and CARMENES collaboration. (arXiv:2102.09441v2 [astro-ph.EP] UPDATED) <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Toledo_Padron_B/0/1/0/all/0/1">B. Toledo-Padr&#xf3;n</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Mascareno_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">A. Su&#xe1;rez Mascare&#xf1;o</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Hernandez_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">J. I. Gonz&#xe1;lez Hern&#xe1;ndez</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Rebolo_R/0/1/0/all/0/1">R. Rebolo</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Pinamonti_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">M. Pinamonti</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Perger_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">M. Perger</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Scandariato_G/0/1/0/all/0/1">G. Scandariato</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Damasso_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">M. Damasso</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Sozzetti_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">A. Sozzetti</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Maldonado_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">J. Maldonado</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Desidera_S/0/1/0/all/0/1">S. Desidera</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Ribas_I/0/1/0/all/0/1">I. Ribas</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Micela_G/0/1/0/all/0/1">G. Micela</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Affer_L/0/1/0/all/0/1">L. Affer</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Gonzalez_Alvarez_E/0/1/0/all/0/1">E. Gonz&#xe1;lez-Alvarez</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Leto_G/0/1/0/all/0/1">G. Leto</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Pagano_I/0/1/0/all/0/1">I. Pagano</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Sanchez_R/0/1/0/all/0/1">R. Zanmar S&#xe1;nchez</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Giacobbe_P/0/1/0/all/0/1">P. Giacobbe</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Herrero_E/0/1/0/all/0/1">E. Herrero</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Morales_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">J. C. Morales</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Amado_P/0/1/0/all/0/1">P. J. Amado</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Caballero_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">J. A. Caballero</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Quirrenbach_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">A. Quirrenbach</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Reiners_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">A. Reiners</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Zechmeister_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">M. Zechmeister</a>Read More →

Inflation and Scale-invariant $R^2$-Gravity. (arXiv:2102.11719v2 [gr-qc] UPDATED) <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/gr-qc/1/au:+Bruck_C/0/1/0/all/0/1">Carsten van de Bruck</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/gr-qc/1/au:+Daniel_R/0/1/0/all/0/1">Richard Daniel</a> In scale-invariant models of fundamental physics, mass scales are generated by spontaneous symmetry breaking. In this work, we study inflation in scale-invariant $R^2$ gravity, in which the Planck mass is generated by a scalar field, which is responsible for spontaneous breaking of scale–symmetry. If the self-interactions of the scalar field are non-zero, a cosmological constant is generated, which can be potentially quite large. To avoid fine-tuning at late times, we introduce another scalar field which drives the classical cosmological constant to zero during inflation. Working in the Einstein-frame, we findRead More →

In the Realm of the Hubble tension $-$ a Review of Solutions. (arXiv:2103.01183v2 [astro-ph.CO] UPDATED) <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Valentino_E/0/1/0/all/0/1">Eleonora Di Valentino</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Mena_O/0/1/0/all/0/1">Olga Mena</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Pan_S/0/1/0/all/0/1">Supriya Pan</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Visinelli_L/0/1/0/all/0/1">Luca Visinelli</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Yang_W/0/1/0/all/0/1">Weiqiang Yang</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Melchiorri_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">Alessandro Melchiorri</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Mota_D/0/1/0/all/0/1">David F. Mota</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Riess_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">Adam G. Riess</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Silk_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">Joseph Silk</a> The $Lambda$CDM model provides a good fit to a large span of cosmological data but harbors areas of phenomenology. With the improvement of the number and the accuracy of observations, discrepancies among key cosmological parameters of the model have emerged. The most statistically significant tension is the $4-6sigma$ disagreement between predictions of the Hubble constant $H_0$ by early time probesRead More →

Weather on Other Worlds. V. The Three Most Rapidly Rotating Ultra-Cool Dwarfs. (arXiv:2103.01990v2 [astro-ph.SR] UPDATED) <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Tannock_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">Megan E. Tannock</a> (1), <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Metchev_S/0/1/0/all/0/1">Stanimir Metchev</a> (2 and 3), <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Heinze_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">Aren Heinze</a> (4), <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Miles_Paez_P/0/1/0/all/0/1">Paulo A. Miles-P&#xe1;ez</a> (5), <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Gagne_J/0/1/0/all/0/1">Jonathan Gagn&#xe9;</a> (6 and 7), <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Burgasser_A/0/1/0/all/0/1">Adam Burgasser</a> (8), <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Marley_M/0/1/0/all/0/1">Mark S. Marley</a> (9), <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Apai_D/0/1/0/all/0/1">D&#xe1;niel Apai</a> (10 and 11), <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Suarez_G/0/1/0/all/0/1">Genaro Su&#xe1;rez</a> (1), <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/astro-ph/1/au:+Plavchan_P/0/1/0/all/0/1">Peter Plavchan</a> (12) ((1) University of Western Ontario, (2) Institute for Earth and Space Exploration, The University of Western Ontario, (3) American Museum of Natural History, (4) Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, (5) European Southern Observatory, (6) Plan&#xe9;tarium Rio Tinto Alcan, Espace pourRead More →