Downward Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flash observed in Winter Thunderstorm. (arXiv:1907.06239v1 [physics.ao-ph])
<a href="http://arxiv.org/find/physics/1/au:+Wada_Y/0/1/0/all/0/1">Yuuki Wada</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/physics/1/au:+Enoto_T/0/1/0/all/0/1">Teruaki Enoto</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/physics/1/au:+Nakazawa_K/0/1/0/all/0/1">Kazuhiro Nakazawa</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/physics/1/au:+Furuta_Y/0/1/0/all/0/1">Yoshihiro Furuta</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/physics/1/au:+Yuasa_T/0/1/0/all/0/1">Takayuki Yuasa</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/physics/1/au:+Nakamura_Y/0/1/0/all/0/1">Yoshitaka Nakamura</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/physics/1/au:+Morimoto_T/0/1/0/all/0/1">Takeshi Morimoto</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/physics/1/au:+Matsumoto_T/0/1/0/all/0/1">Takahiro Matsumoto</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/physics/1/au:+Makishima_K/0/1/0/all/0/1">Kazuo Makishima</a>, <a href="http://arxiv.org/find/physics/1/au:+Tsuchiya_H/0/1/0/all/0/1">Harufumi Tsuchiya</a>

During a winter thunderstorm on 2017 November 24, a strong burst of gamma
rays with energies up to $sim$10~MeV was detected coincident with a lightning
discharge, by scintillation detectors installed at Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear
Power Station at sea level in Japan. The burst had a sub-second duration, which
is suggestive of photoneutron productions. The leading part of the burst was
resolved into four intense gamma-ray bunches, each coincident with a
low-frequency radio pulse. These bunches were separated by 0.7–1.5~ms, with a
duration of $ll$1~ms each. Thus, the present burst may be considered as a
“downward” terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF), which is analogous to up-going
TGFs observed from space. Although the scintillation detectors were heavily
saturated by these bunches, the total dose associated with them was
successfully measured by ionization chambers, employed by nine monitoring posts
surrounding the power plant. From this information and Monte Carlo simulations,
the present downward TGF is suggested to have taken place at an altitude of
2500 $pm$ 500~m, involving $8^{+8}_{-4} times 10^{18}$ avalanche electrons
with energies above 1~MeV. This number is comparable to those in up-going TGFs.

During a winter thunderstorm on 2017 November 24, a strong burst of gamma
rays with energies up to $sim$10~MeV was detected coincident with a lightning
discharge, by scintillation detectors installed at Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear
Power Station at sea level in Japan. The burst had a sub-second duration, which
is suggestive of photoneutron productions. The leading part of the burst was
resolved into four intense gamma-ray bunches, each coincident with a
low-frequency radio pulse. These bunches were separated by 0.7–1.5~ms, with a
duration of $ll$1~ms each. Thus, the present burst may be considered as a
“downward” terrestrial gamma-ray flash (TGF), which is analogous to up-going
TGFs observed from space. Although the scintillation detectors were heavily
saturated by these bunches, the total dose associated with them was
successfully measured by ionization chambers, employed by nine monitoring posts
surrounding the power plant. From this information and Monte Carlo simulations,
the present downward TGF is suggested to have taken place at an altitude of
2500 $pm$ 500~m, involving $8^{+8}_{-4} times 10^{18}$ avalanche electrons
with energies above 1~MeV. This number is comparable to those in up-going TGFs.

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